feat(cataloger): add snap package cataloger for metadata extraction (#4151)

---------
Signed-off-by: Alan Pope <alan.pope@anchore.com>
Signed-off-by: Christopher Phillips <32073428+spiffcs@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christopher Phillips <32073428+spiffcs@users.noreply.github.com>

schema/json/schema-latest.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
-  "$id": "anchore.io/schema/syft/json/16.0.39/document",
+  "$id": "anchore.io/schema/syft/json/16.0.40/document",
   "$ref": "#/$defs/Document",
   "$defs": {
     "AlpmDbEntry": {
@@ -2194,6 +2194,9 @@
             {
               "$ref": "#/$defs/RustCargoLockEntry"
             },
+            {
+              "$ref": "#/$defs/SnapEntry"
+            },
             {
               "$ref": "#/$defs/SwiftPackageManagerLockEntry"
             },
@@ -3205,6 +3208,33 @@
         "url"
       ]
     },
+    "SnapEntry": {
+      "properties": {
+        "snapType": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "base": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "snapName": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "snapVersion": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "architecture": {
+          "type": "string"
+        }
+      },
+      "type": "object",
+      "required": [
+        "snapType",
+        "base",
+        "snapName",
+        "snapVersion",
+        "architecture"
+      ]
+    },
     "Source": {
       "properties": {
         "id": {