feat: add binary classifier for hashicorp vault (#4121)

* add binary classifier for hashicorp vault

The Go Binary Cataloger isn't able to parse the version out of the
binary shipped in the DockerHub images of hashicorp/vault because the
version of the main module isn't set in the binary. Therefore, add a
binary classifier cataloger for this binary.

Signed-off-by: Will Murphy <willmurphyscode@users.noreply.github.com>

* chore: add test fixtures, update vault

Signed-off-by: Keith Zantow <kzantow@gmail.com>

* chore: set binary classifier package type based on PURL

Signed-off-by: Keith Zantow <kzantow@gmail.com>

* chore: use github.com/hashicorp/vault as package name

Signed-off-by: Keith Zantow <kzantow@gmail.com>

* chore: update tests

Signed-off-by: Keith Zantow <kzantow@gmail.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Will Murphy <willmurphyscode@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: Keith Zantow <kzantow@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Keith Zantow <kzantow@gmail.com>

syft/pkg/cataloger/binary/test-fixtures/classifiers/snippets/vault/1.19.4/linux-arm64/vault

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+name: vault
+offset: 191891817
+length: 420
+snippetSha256: fd8eb7979e1e7bbc254f2f7a26f6a70ecb479cc4f50c804f3b0789bc0e229097
+fileSha256: a4754a343e619adef87a1d7e1368a0709ba29802fefbe8d70105c11085becd43
+
+### byte snippet to follow ###
+ctstreamPragma</a>.
+:httpssocks Locked%s.logCT_LOGLOCAL0@level[INFO][WARN]env:///v1/%sDELETEcreateErrorserrorsclient/data/lookupactualAcceptregionawskmsocikmspkcs11%s%s%scloud:%s.%s:revoke1.19.4)(nil))(%#v) {...}frenchCommonArabicBrahmiCarianChakmaCopticGothicHangulHatranHebrewKaithiKhojkiLepchaLycianLydianRejangSyriacTai_LeTangsaTangutTeluguThaanaWanchoYezidiHyphen\u%04x\U%08xgetentpasswd390625%s
+%s
+%q: %wnumber\uff

syft/pkg/cataloger/binary/test-fixtures/classifiers/snippets/vault/1.20.2/linux-amd64/vault

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+name: vault
+offset: 213670425
+length: 220
+snippetSha256: d9b23916d00e8085a4066974641ef77962f2e0aae6f4244688d2c4fe4286c92b
+fileSha256: fb484f1b458e5d2fd28270b406a8b26b28d040dddcaa1d099aa9ee4ac927b730
+
+### byte snippet to follow ###
+ctstreamPragma</a>.
+:httpssocks Locked%s.logCT_LOGLOCAL0@level[INFO][WARN]env:///v1/%sDELETEcreateErrorserrorsclient/data/lookupactualAcceptregionawskmsocikmspkcs11%s%s%scloud:%s.%s:revoke1.20.2)(nil))(%#v) {...}frenchCo

syft/pkg/cataloger/binary/test-fixtures/config.yaml

@@ -724,6 +724,20 @@ from-images:
     paths:
       - /bin/consul
 
+  - version: 1.20.2
+    images:
+      - ref: hashicorp/vault@sha256:5cd2003247e0a574a66c66aee1916b1e9e7f99640298f2e61271a8842d2d2a19
+        platform: linux/amd64
+    paths:
+      - /bin/vault
+
+  - version: 1.19.4
+    images:
+      - ref: hashicorp/vault@sha256:b5f675b0bf681568cd7354c697fe4ce953024312d6d23ee7216deda60c192bad
+        platform: linux/arm64
+    paths:
+      - /bin/vault
+
   - version: 3.0.2
     images:
       - ref: fluent/fluent-bit:3.0.2-amd64@sha256:7e6fe8efd51dda0739e355f58bf5e3b1623cbf2d4a23c06c7a365d9553e2d242