feat: add Debian archive (.deb) file cataloger (#3704)

* feat: add Debian archive (.deb) file cataloger

Add a cataloger that parses Debian package (.deb) archive files directly,
allowing Syft to discover packages from .deb files without requiring
them to be installed on the system. This implements issue #3315.

Key features:
- Parse .deb AR archives to extract package metadata
- Support for gzip, xz, and zstd compressed control files
- Extract package metadata from control files
- Process file information from md5sums files
- Mark configuration files from conffiles entries
- Handle trailing slashes in archive member names

Signed-off-by: Alan Pope <alan.pope@anchore.com>

* chore: run go mod tidy to fix failing workflow

Signed-off-by: Alan Pope <alan.pope@anchore.com>

* add license processing to dpkg archive cataloger + add tests

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <wagoodman@users.noreply.github.com>

* update json schema with dpkg archive type

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <wagoodman@users.noreply.github.com>

* update comments

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <wagoodman@users.noreply.github.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Alan Pope <alan.pope@anchore.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <wagoodman@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Alex Goodman <wagoodman@users.noreply.github.com>

schema/json/schema-latest.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
-  "$id": "anchore.io/schema/syft/json/16.0.22/document",
+  "$id": "anchore.io/schema/syft/json/16.0.23/document",
   "$ref": "#/$defs/Document",
   "$defs": {
     "AlpmDbEntry": {
@@ -586,6 +586,66 @@
         "productVersion"
       ]
     },
+    "DpkgArchiveEntry": {
+      "properties": {
+        "package": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "source": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "version": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "sourceVersion": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "architecture": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "maintainer": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "installedSize": {
+          "type": "integer"
+        },
+        "provides": {
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          },
+          "type": "array"
+        },
+        "depends": {
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          },
+          "type": "array"
+        },
+        "preDepends": {
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          },
+          "type": "array"
+        },
+        "files": {
+          "items": {
+            "$ref": "#/$defs/DpkgFileRecord"
+          },
+          "type": "array"
+        }
+      },
+      "type": "object",
+      "required": [
+        "package",
+        "source",
+        "version",
+        "sourceVersion",
+        "architecture",
+        "maintainer",
+        "installedSize",
+        "files"
+      ]
+    },
     "DpkgDbEntry": {
       "properties": {
         "package": {
@@ -1721,6 +1781,9 @@
             {
               "$ref": "#/$defs/DotnetPortableExecutableEntry"
             },
+            {
+              "$ref": "#/$defs/DpkgArchiveEntry"
+            },
             {
               "$ref": "#/$defs/DpkgDbEntry"
             },