feat: add Debian archive (.deb) file cataloger (#3704)

* feat: add Debian archive (.deb) file cataloger

Add a cataloger that parses Debian package (.deb) archive files directly,
allowing Syft to discover packages from .deb files without requiring
them to be installed on the system. This implements issue #3315.

Key features:
- Parse .deb AR archives to extract package metadata
- Support for gzip, xz, and zstd compressed control files
- Extract package metadata from control files
- Process file information from md5sums files
- Mark configuration files from conffiles entries
- Handle trailing slashes in archive member names

Signed-off-by: Alan Pope <alan.pope@anchore.com>

* chore: run go mod tidy to fix failing workflow

Signed-off-by: Alan Pope <alan.pope@anchore.com>

* add license processing to dpkg archive cataloger + add tests

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <wagoodman@users.noreply.github.com>

* update json schema with dpkg archive type

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <wagoodman@users.noreply.github.com>

* update comments

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <wagoodman@users.noreply.github.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Alan Pope <alan.pope@anchore.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <wagoodman@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Alex Goodman <wagoodman@users.noreply.github.com>

syft/internal/packagemetadata/generated.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ func AllTypes() []any {
 		pkg.DotnetDepsEntry{},
 		pkg.DotnetPackagesLockEntry{},
 		pkg.DotnetPortableExecutableEntry{},
+		pkg.DpkgArchiveEntry{},
 		pkg.DpkgDBEntry{},
 		pkg.ELFBinaryPackageNoteJSONPayload{},
 		pkg.ElixirMixLockEntry{},

syft/internal/packagemetadata/names.go

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ var jsonTypes = makeJSONTypes(
 	jsonNames(pkg.DartPubspecLockEntry{}, "dart-pubspec-lock-entry", "DartPubMetadata"),
 	jsonNames(pkg.DotnetDepsEntry{}, "dotnet-deps-entry", "DotnetDepsMetadata"),
 	jsonNames(pkg.DotnetPortableExecutableEntry{}, "dotnet-portable-executable-entry"),
+	jsonNames(pkg.DpkgArchiveEntry{}, "dpkg-archive-entry"),
 	jsonNames(pkg.DpkgDBEntry{}, "dpkg-db-entry", "DpkgMetadata"),
 	jsonNames(pkg.ELFBinaryPackageNoteJSONPayload{}, "elf-binary-package-note-json-payload"),
 	jsonNames(pkg.RubyGemspec{}, "ruby-gemspec", "GemMetadata"),