fix: bound total decompression under each top-level archive

the limiter bounds what's held *at once*, and each archive gives its bytes back when it's released. So a recursive bomb (42.zip shape) never trips a limit: every level fits on its own, and the scan just runs for effectively forever. Capping each archive at N× its own size wouldn't help either, since every level of such a bomb is high-ratio, so the work still grows about N-fold per level.

- each top-level archive gets one decompression budget of `max(100 × its size, 1 GiB)`, spent by every archive nested under it at any depth
- the budget is attached to the context when the walk enters a top-level archive, so `Extract` picks it up without a signature change
- once it's spent, the archive being extracted is truncated with a "possible decompression bomb" unknown and the walk moves on. The next top-level archive starts fresh

real trees (a war of jars, a layer of tarballs) expand a few times over, well under the ratio.

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <wagoodman@users.noreply.github.com>

internal/task/archive_tasks.go

@@ -184,6 +184,11 @@ func (c *archiveCataloger) processArchive(ctx context.Context, parentResolver fi
 
 	started := time.Now()
 
+	if depth == 0 {
+		// one budget for this archive and everything nested in it, however deep
+		ctx = archive.WithBudget(ctx, archive.NewBudget(archiveTreeBudget(parentResolver, location)))
+	}
+
 	// extracted files keep the filesystem ID of where the archive was found; the nesting chain is
 	// carried separately as the archive path. The chain names real paths, not the link the archive was
 	// reached by, so it is stable and joins to the archive's package location by prefix.
@@ -234,6 +239,22 @@ func (c *archiveCataloger) processArchive(ctx context.Context, parentResolver fi
 	return c.catalog(ctx, extracted, depth+1, builder)
 }
 
+// a top-level archive and everything nested in it may decompress to archiveTreeRatio times its size, or
+// archiveTreeFloorBytes if that is more. Real trees (a war of jars, a layer of tarballs) expand a few
+// times over; a recursive bomb expands by orders of magnitude at every level.
+var (
+	archiveTreeRatio      int64 = 100
+	archiveTreeFloorBytes int64 = 1 << 30
+)
+
+func archiveTreeBudget(resolver file.Resolver, location file.Location) int64 {
+	var size int64
+	if m, err := resolver.FileMetadataByLocation(location); err == nil && m.FileInfo != nil {
+		size = m.Size()
+	}
+	return max(archiveTreeRatio*size, archiveTreeFloorBytes)
+}
+
 func (c *archiveCataloger) isAncestor(digests []file.Digest) bool {
 	for _, d := range digests {
 		if slices.Contains(c.ancestors, d) {

internal/task/archive_tasks_test.go

@@ -369,6 +369,33 @@ func Test_archiveCataloger_stopsWhenTheContextIsCancelled(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Zero(t, ran)
 }
 
+func Test_archiveCataloger_decompressionBudgetIsSharedByATreeAndFreshPerTopLevelArchive(t *testing.T) {
+	// a recursive bomb fits the limits one level at a time, so what bounds it is the total decompressed
+	// under one top-level archive
+	origRatio, origFloor := archiveTreeRatio, archiveTreeFloorBytes
+	archiveTreeRatio, archiveTreeFloorBytes = 0, 100_000
+	t.Cleanup(func() { archiveTreeRatio, archiveTreeFloorBytes = origRatio, origFloor })
+
+	zeros := make([]byte, 60_000)
+	nested := makeZip(t, map[string][]byte{"zeros.bin": zeros})
+	rootDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(rootDir, "bomb.zip"), makeZip(t, map[string][]byte{"a.zip": nested, "b.zip": nested}), 0o600))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(rootDir, "sibling.zip"), makeZip(t, map[string][]byte{"zeros.bin": zeros}), 0o600))
+
+	var seen []string
+	fileCounts := map[string]int{}
+	tsk := newTestTask(t, cataloging.DefaultArchiveSearchConfig().WithMaxDepth(2), capturingTask(t, &seen, &fileCounts))
+	s := newTestSBOM()
+	require.NoError(t, tsk.Execute(context.Background(), dirTestResolver{dir: rootDir}, sbomsync.NewBuilder(s)))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, fileCounts["/bomb.zip:a.zip"], "the first nested archive fits the tree's budget")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, fileCounts["/bomb.zip:b.zip"], "the second does not: the budget is shared, not per archive")
+	reasons := s.Artifacts.Unknowns[file.Coordinates{RealPath: "b.zip", ArchivePath: "/bomb.zip"}]
+	require.Len(t, reasons, 1)
+	assert.Contains(t, reasons[0], "possible decompression bomb")
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, fileCounts["/sibling.zip"], "another top-level archive starts with a fresh budget")
+}
+
 func Test_NewArchiveCatalogerTask_dropsItselfFromSubPipeline(t *testing.T) {
 	// a copy of itself in the sub-pipeline would process every nesting level twice
 	cfg := cataloging.DefaultArchiveSearchConfig().WithMaxDepth(2)
@@ -949,6 +976,11 @@ func (d dirTestResolver) FileContentsByLocation(loc file.Location) (io.ReadClose
 	return os.Open(filepath.Join(d.dir, filepath.FromSlash(loc.RealPath)))
 }
 
+func (d dirTestResolver) FileMetadataByLocation(loc file.Location) (file.Metadata, error) {
+	info, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(d.dir, filepath.FromSlash(loc.RealPath)))
+	return file.Metadata{FileInfo: info}, err
+}
+
 // makeZip builds a zip in sorted entry-name order: limits are enforced as the walk proceeds, so entry
 // order decides which entries land before a truncation.
 func makeZip(t *testing.T, entries map[string][]byte) []byte {
@@ -1034,6 +1066,11 @@ func (r twoLayerResolver) FileContentsByLocation(loc file.Location) (io.ReadClos
 	return io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(body)), nil
 }
 
+// FileMetadataByLocation reports no metadata, so the archive falls back to the minimum budget.
+func (r twoLayerResolver) FileMetadataByLocation(file.Location) (file.Metadata, error) {
+	return file.Metadata{}, os.ErrNotExist
+}
+
 // incompressible returns n bytes deflate cannot shrink, so an archive built from them has a
 // predictable size to set a limit against.
 func incompressible(n int) []byte {
@@ -1091,6 +1128,10 @@ func (a allFilesResolver) FileContentsByLocation(loc file.Location) (io.ReadClos
 	return os.Open(filepath.Join(a.dir, filepath.FromSlash(loc.RealPath)))
 }
 
+func (a allFilesResolver) FileMetadataByLocation(loc file.Location) (file.Metadata, error) {
+	return dirTestResolver{dir: a.dir}.FileMetadataByLocation(loc)
+}
+
 func (p *recordingPublisher) Publish(e partybus.Event) {
 	p.events = append(p.events, e)
 }