feat: rust toolchain binary cataloger (#1601)

Signed-off-by: Weston Steimel <weston.steimel@anchore.com>

syft/pkg/cataloger/binary/cataloger_test.go

@@ -439,6 +439,42 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Metadata:  metadata("java-binary-ibm", "java"),
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			name:       "positive-rust-1.50.0-macos",
+			fixtureDir: "test-fixtures/classifiers/positive/rust-1.50.0",
+			expected: pkg.Package{
+				Name:      "rust",
+				Version:   "1.50.0",
+				Type:      "binary",
+				PURL:      "pkg:generic/rust@1.50.0",
+				Locations: locations("lib/rustlib/aarch64-apple-darwin/lib/libstd-f6f9eec1635e636a.dylib"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("rust-standard-library-macos"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "positive-rust-1.67.1-macos",
+			fixtureDir: "test-fixtures/classifiers/positive/rust-1.67.1/toolchains/stable-aarch64-apple-darwin",
+			expected: pkg.Package{
+				Name:      "rust",
+				Version:   "1.67.1",
+				Type:      "binary",
+				PURL:      "pkg:generic/rust@1.67.1",
+				Locations: locations("lib/libstd-16f2b65e77054c42.dylib"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("rust-standard-library-macos"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "positive-rust-1.67.1-linux",
+			fixtureDir: "test-fixtures/classifiers/positive/rust-1.67.1/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl",
+			expected: pkg.Package{
+				Name:      "rust",
+				Version:   "1.67.1",
+				Type:      "binary",
+				PURL:      "pkg:generic/rust@1.67.1",
+				Locations: locations("lib/libstd-86aefecbddda356d.so"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("rust-standard-library-linux"),
+			},
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, test := range tests {

syft/pkg/cataloger/binary/default_classifiers.go

@@ -207,4 +207,24 @@ var defaultClassifiers = []classifier{
 		Package: "postgresql",
 		PURL:    mustPURL("pkg:generic/postgresql@version"),
 	},
+	{
+		Class:    "rust-standard-library-linux",
+		FileGlob: "**/libstd-????????????????.so",
+		EvidenceMatcher: fileContentsVersionMatcher(
+			// clang LLVM (rustc version 1.48.0 (7eac88abb 2020-11-16))
+			`(?m)(\x00)clang LLVM \(rustc version (?P<version>[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?(\.[0-9]+)) \(\w+ \d{4}\-\d{2}\-\d{2}\)`),
+		Package: "rust",
+		PURL:    mustPURL("pkg:generic/rust@version"),
+		CPEs:    singleCPE("cpe:2.3:a:rust-lang:rust:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"),
+	},
+	{
+		Class:    "rust-standard-library-macos",
+		FileGlob: "**/libstd-????????????????.dylib",
+		EvidenceMatcher: fileContentsVersionMatcher(
+			// c 1.48.0 (7eac88abb 2020-11-16)
+			`(?m)c (?P<version>[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?(\.[0-9]+)) \(\w+ \d{4}\-\d{2}\-\d{2}\)`),
+		Package: "rust",
+		PURL:    mustPURL("pkg:generic/rust@version"),
+		CPEs:    singleCPE("cpe:2.3:a:rust-lang:rust:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"),
+	},
 }