Introduce relationships as first-class objects (#607)

* migrate pkg.ID and pkg.Relationship to artifact package

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <alex.goodman@anchore.com>

* return relationships from tasks

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <alex.goodman@anchore.com>

* fix more tests

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <alex.goodman@anchore.com>

* add artifact.Identifiable by Identity() method

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <alex.goodman@anchore.com>

* fix linting

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <alex.goodman@anchore.com>

* remove catalog ID assignment

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <alex.goodman@anchore.com>

* adjust spdx helpers to use copy of packages

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <alex.goodman@anchore.com>

* stabilize package ID relative to encode-decode format cycles

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <alex.goodman@anchore.com>

* rename Identity() to ID()

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <alex.goodman@anchore.com>

* use zero value for nils in ID generation

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <alex.goodman@anchore.com>

* enable source.Location to be identifiable

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <alex.goodman@anchore.com>

* hoist up package relationship discovery to analysis stage

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <alex.goodman@anchore.com>

* update ownership-by-file-overlap relationship description

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <alex.goodman@anchore.com>

* add test reminders to put new relationships under test

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <alex.goodman@anchore.com>

* adjust PHP composer.lock parser function to return relationships

Signed-off-by: Alex Goodman <alex.goodman@anchore.com>

syft/pkg/cataloger/apkdb/parse_apk_db.go

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
+
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/file"
 
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/internal/log"
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ var _ common.ParserFn = parseApkDB
 
 // parseApkDb parses individual packages from a given Alpine DB file. For more information on specific fields
 // see https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Apk_spec .
-func parseApkDB(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
+func parseApkDB(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
 	// larger capacity for the scanner.
 	const maxScannerCapacity = 1024 * 1024
 	// a new larger buffer for the scanner
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ func parseApkDB(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
 	for scanner.Scan() {
 		metadata, err := parseApkDBEntry(strings.NewReader(scanner.Text()))
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, nil, err
 		}
 		if metadata != nil {
 			packages = append(packages, pkg.Package{
@@ -62,10 +64,10 @@ func parseApkDB(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
 	}
 
 	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse APK DB file: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse APK DB file: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return packages, nil
+	return packages, nil, nil
 }
 
 // nolint:funlen

syft/pkg/cataloger/apkdb/parse_apk_db_test.go

@@ -775,7 +775,8 @@ func TestMultiplePackages(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 			}()
 
-			pkgs, err := parseApkDB(file.Name(), file)
+			// TODO: no relationships are under test yet
+			pkgs, _, err := parseApkDB(file.Name(), file)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal("Unable to read file contents: ", err)
 			}

syft/pkg/cataloger/catalog.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package cataloger
 import (
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/internal/bus"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/internal/log"
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/distro"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/event"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
@@ -38,8 +39,9 @@ func newMonitor() (*progress.Manual, *progress.Manual) {
 // In order to efficiently retrieve contents from a underlying container image the content fetch requests are
 // done in bulk. Specifically, all files of interest are collected from each catalogers and accumulated into a single
 // request.
-func Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver, theDistro *distro.Distro, catalogers ...Cataloger) (*pkg.Catalog, error) {
+func Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver, theDistro *distro.Distro, catalogers ...Cataloger) (*pkg.Catalog, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
 	catalog := pkg.NewCatalog()
+	var allRelationships []artifact.Relationship
 
 	filesProcessed, packagesDiscovered := newMonitor()
 
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ func Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver, theDistro *distro.Distro, catalogers
 	var errs error
 	for _, theCataloger := range catalogers {
 		// find packages from the underlying raw data
-		packages, err := theCataloger.Catalog(resolver)
+		packages, relationships, err := theCataloger.Catalog(resolver)
 		if err != nil {
 			errs = multierror.Append(errs, err)
 			continue
@@ -68,14 +70,18 @@ func Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver, theDistro *distro.Distro, catalogers
 			// add to catalog
 			catalog.Add(p)
 		}
+
+		allRelationships = append(allRelationships, relationships...)
 	}
 
+	allRelationships = append(allRelationships, pkg.NewRelationships(catalog)...)
+
 	if errs != nil {
-		return nil, errs
+		return nil, nil, errs
 	}
 
 	filesProcessed.SetCompleted()
 	packagesDiscovered.SetCompleted()
 
-	return catalog, nil
+	return catalog, allRelationships, nil
 }

syft/pkg/cataloger/cataloger.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ catalogers defined in child packages as well as the interface definition to impl
 package cataloger
 
 import (
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg/cataloger/apkdb"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg/cataloger/deb"
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ type Cataloger interface {
 	// Name returns a string that uniquely describes a cataloger
 	Name() string
 	// Catalog is given an object to resolve file references and content, this function returns any discovered Packages after analyzing the catalog source.
-	Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver) ([]pkg.Package, error)
+	Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error)
 }
 
 // ImageCatalogers returns a slice of locally implemented catalogers that are fit for detecting installations of packages.

syft/pkg/cataloger/common/cpe/generate.go

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func candidateVendors(p pkg.Package) []string {
 	// allow * as a candidate. Note: do NOT allow Java packages to have * vendors.
 	switch p.Language {
 	case pkg.Ruby, pkg.JavaScript:
-		vendors.addValue("*")
+		vendors.addValue(wfn.Any)
 	}
 
 	switch p.MetadataType {

syft/pkg/cataloger/common/cpe/generate_test.go

@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ func TestCandidateProducts(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%+v %+v", test.p, test.expected), func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.ElementsMatch(t, test.expected, candidateProducts(test.p))
 		})
 	}

syft/pkg/cataloger/common/generic_cataloger.go

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ package common
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
+
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/internal"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/internal/log"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
@@ -35,18 +37,18 @@ func (c *GenericCataloger) Name() string {
 }
 
 // Catalog is given an object to resolve file references and content, this function returns any discovered Packages after analyzing the catalog source.
-func (c *GenericCataloger) Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
+func (c *GenericCataloger) Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
 	var packages []pkg.Package
-	parserByLocation := c.selectFiles(resolver)
+	var relationships []artifact.Relationship
 
-	for location, parser := range parserByLocation {
+	for location, parser := range c.selectFiles(resolver) {
 		contentReader, err := resolver.FileContentsByLocation(location)
 		if err != nil {
 			// TODO: fail or log?
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to fetch contents for location=%v : %w", location, err)
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to fetch contents for location=%v : %w", location, err)
 		}
 
-		entries, err := parser(location.RealPath, contentReader)
+		discoveredPackages, discoveredRelationships, err := parser(location.RealPath, contentReader)
 		internal.CloseAndLogError(contentReader, location.VirtualPath)
 		if err != nil {
 			// TODO: should we fail? or only log?
@@ -54,14 +56,16 @@ func (c *GenericCataloger) Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver) ([]pkg.Package,
 			continue
 		}
 
-		for _, entry := range entries {
-			entry.FoundBy = c.upstreamCataloger
-			entry.Locations = []source.Location{location}
+		for _, p := range discoveredPackages {
+			p.FoundBy = c.upstreamCataloger
+			p.Locations = append(p.Locations, location)
 
-			packages = append(packages, entry)
+			packages = append(packages, p)
 		}
+
+		relationships = append(relationships, discoveredRelationships...)
 	}
-	return packages, nil
+	return packages, relationships, nil
 }
 
 // SelectFiles takes a set of file trees and resolves and file references of interest for future cataloging

syft/pkg/cataloger/common/generic_cataloger_test.go

@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/source"
 )
 
-func parser(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
+func parser(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
 	contents, err := ioutil.ReadAll(reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ func parser(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
 		{
 			Name: string(contents),
 		},
-	}, nil
+	}, nil, nil
 }
 
 func TestGenericCataloger(t *testing.T) {
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ func TestGenericCataloger(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	actualPkgs, err := cataloger.Catalog(resolver)
+	actualPkgs, _, err := cataloger.Catalog(resolver)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Len(t, actualPkgs, len(expectedPkgs))
 

syft/pkg/cataloger/common/parser.go

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ package common
 import (
 	"io"
 
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 )
 
 // ParserFn standardizes a function signature for parser functions that accept the virtual file path (not usable for file reads) and contents and return any discovered packages from that file
-type ParserFn func(string, io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error)
+type ParserFn func(string, io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error)

syft/pkg/cataloger/deb/cataloger.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/internal"
 
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/internal/log"
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/source"
 )
@@ -36,24 +37,23 @@ func (c *Cataloger) Name() string {
 }
 
 // Catalog is given an object to resolve file references and content, this function returns any discovered Packages after analyzing dpkg support files.
-func (c *Cataloger) Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
+func (c *Cataloger) Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
 	dbFileMatches, err := resolver.FilesByGlob(pkg.DpkgDBGlob)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to find dpkg status files's by glob: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to find dpkg status files's by glob: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	var results []pkg.Package
-	var pkgs []pkg.Package
+	var allPackages []pkg.Package
 	for _, dbLocation := range dbFileMatches {
 		dbContents, err := resolver.FileContentsByLocation(dbLocation)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, nil, err
 		}
 
-		pkgs, err = parseDpkgStatus(dbContents)
+		pkgs, err := parseDpkgStatus(dbContents)
 		internal.CloseAndLogError(dbContents, dbLocation.VirtualPath)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to catalog dpkg package=%+v: %w", dbLocation.RealPath, err)
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to catalog dpkg package=%+v: %w", dbLocation.RealPath, err)
 		}
 
 		for i := range pkgs {
@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ func (c *Cataloger) Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver) ([]pkg.Package, error)
 			addLicenses(resolver, dbLocation, p)
 		}
 
-		results = append(results, pkgs...)
+		allPackages = append(allPackages, pkgs...)
 	}
-	return results, nil
+	return allPackages, nil, nil
 }
 
 func addLicenses(resolver source.FileResolver, dbLocation source.Location, p *pkg.Package) {

syft/pkg/cataloger/deb/cataloger_test.go

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ func TestDpkgCataloger(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Errorf("could not get resolver error: %+v", err)
 			}
 
-			actual, err := c.Catalog(resolver)
+			actual, _, err := c.Catalog(resolver)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to catalog: %+v", err)
 			}

syft/pkg/cataloger/deb/parse_dpkg_status.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ var (
 // parseDpkgStatus is a parser function for Debian DB status contents, returning all Debian packages listed.
 func parseDpkgStatus(reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
 	buffedReader := bufio.NewReader(reader)
-	var packages = make([]pkg.Package, 0)
+	var packages []pkg.Package
 
 	continueProcessing := true
 	for continueProcessing {

syft/pkg/cataloger/golang/binary_cataloger.go

@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ package golang
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/internal"
+
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/internal/log"
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/source"
 )
@@ -35,17 +38,18 @@ func (c *Cataloger) Name() string {
 }
 
 // Catalog is given an object to resolve file references and content, this function returns any discovered Packages after analyzing rpm db installation.
-func (c *Cataloger) Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
-	pkgs := make([]pkg.Package, 0)
+func (c *Cataloger) Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
+	var pkgs []pkg.Package
+
 	fileMatches, err := resolver.FilesByMIMEType(mimeTypes...)
 	if err != nil {
-		return pkgs, fmt.Errorf("failed to find bin by mime types: %w", err)
+		return pkgs, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to find bin by mime types: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	for _, location := range fileMatches {
 		r, err := resolver.FileContentsByLocation(location)
 		if err != nil {
-			return pkgs, fmt.Errorf("failed to resolve file contents by location: %w", err)
+			return pkgs, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to resolve file contents by location: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		goPkgs, err := parseGoBin(location, r)
@@ -53,9 +57,9 @@ func (c *Cataloger) Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver) ([]pkg.Package, error)
 			log.Warnf("could not parse possible go binary: %+v", err)
 		}
 
-		r.Close()
+		internal.CloseAndLogError(r, location.RealPath)
 		pkgs = append(pkgs, goPkgs...)
 	}
 
-	return pkgs, nil
+	return pkgs, nil, nil
 }

syft/pkg/cataloger/golang/parse_go_bin.go

@@ -23,9 +23,7 @@ func parseGoBin(location source.Location, reader io.ReadCloser) ([]pkg.Package,
 
 	goVersion, mod := findVers(x)
 
-	pkgs := buildGoPkgInfo(location, mod, goVersion)
-
-	return pkgs, nil
+	return buildGoPkgInfo(location, mod, goVersion), nil
 }
 
 func buildGoPkgInfo(location source.Location, mod, goVersion string) []pkg.Package {

syft/pkg/cataloger/golang/parse_go_mod.go

@@ -6,22 +6,23 @@ import (
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"sort"
 
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 	"golang.org/x/mod/modfile"
 )
 
 // parseGoMod takes a go.mod and lists all packages discovered.
-func parseGoMod(path string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
+func parseGoMod(path string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
 	packages := make(map[string]pkg.Package)
 
 	contents, err := ioutil.ReadAll(reader)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read go module: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read go module: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	file, err := modfile.Parse(path, contents, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse go module: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse go module: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	for _, m := range file.Require {
@@ -59,5 +60,5 @@ func parseGoMod(path string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
 		return pkgsSlice[i].Name < pkgsSlice[j].Name
 	})
 
-	return pkgsSlice, nil
+	return pkgsSlice, nil, nil
 }

syft/pkg/cataloger/golang/parse_go_mod_test.go

@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@ func TestParseGoMod(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf(err.Error())
 			}
 
-			actual, err := parseGoMod(test.fixture, f)
+			// TODO: no relationships are under test yet
+			actual, _, err := parseGoMod(test.fixture, f)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf(err.Error())
 			}

syft/pkg/cataloger/java/archive_parser.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/internal/log"
 
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/internal/file"
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg/cataloger/common"
 )
@@ -34,12 +35,12 @@ type archiveParser struct {
 }
 
 // parseJavaArchive is a parser function for java archive contents, returning all Java libraries and nested archives.
-func parseJavaArchive(virtualPath string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
+func parseJavaArchive(virtualPath string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
 	parser, cleanupFn, err := newJavaArchiveParser(virtualPath, reader, true)
 	// note: even on error, we should always run cleanup functions
 	defer cleanupFn()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	return parser.parse()
 }
@@ -80,29 +81,31 @@ func newJavaArchiveParser(virtualPath string, reader io.Reader, detectNested boo
 }
 
 // parse the loaded archive and return all packages found.
-func (j *archiveParser) parse() ([]pkg.Package, error) {
-	var pkgs = make([]pkg.Package, 0)
+func (j *archiveParser) parse() ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
+	var pkgs []pkg.Package
+	var relationships []artifact.Relationship
 
 	// find the parent package from the java manifest
 	parentPkg, err := j.discoverMainPackage()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not generate package from %s: %w", j.virtualPath, err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("could not generate package from %s: %w", j.virtualPath, err)
 	}
 
 	// find aux packages from pom.properties/pom.xml and potentially modify the existing parentPkg
 	auxPkgs, err := j.discoverPkgsFromAllMavenFiles(parentPkg)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	pkgs = append(pkgs, auxPkgs...)
 
 	if j.detectNested {
 		// find nested java archive packages
-		nestedPkgs, err := j.discoverPkgsFromNestedArchives(parentPkg)
+		nestedPkgs, nestedRelationships, err := j.discoverPkgsFromNestedArchives(parentPkg)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, nil, err
 		}
 		pkgs = append(pkgs, nestedPkgs...)
+		relationships = append(relationships, nestedRelationships...)
 	}
 
 	// lastly, add the parent package to the list (assuming the parent exists)
@@ -110,7 +113,7 @@ func (j *archiveParser) parse() ([]pkg.Package, error) {
 		pkgs = append([]pkg.Package{*parentPkg}, pkgs...)
 	}
 
-	return pkgs, nil
+	return pkgs, relationships, nil
 }
 
 // discoverMainPackage parses the root Java manifest used as the parent package to all discovered nested packages.
@@ -189,31 +192,32 @@ func (j *archiveParser) discoverPkgsFromAllMavenFiles(parentPkg *pkg.Package) ([
 
 // discoverPkgsFromNestedArchives finds Java archives within Java archives, returning all listed Java packages found and
 // associating each discovered package to the given parent package.
-func (j *archiveParser) discoverPkgsFromNestedArchives(parentPkg *pkg.Package) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
-	var pkgs = make([]pkg.Package, 0)
+func (j *archiveParser) discoverPkgsFromNestedArchives(parentPkg *pkg.Package) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
+	var pkgs []pkg.Package
+	var relationships []artifact.Relationship
 
 	// search and parse pom.properties files & fetch the contents
 	openers, err := file.ExtractFromZipToUniqueTempFile(j.archivePath, j.contentPath, j.fileManifest.GlobMatch(archiveFormatGlobs...)...)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to extract files from zip: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to extract files from zip: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// discover nested artifacts
 	for archivePath, archiveOpener := range openers {
 		archiveReadCloser, err := archiveOpener.Open()
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to open archived file from tempdir: %w", err)
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to open archived file from tempdir: %w", err)
 		}
 		nestedPath := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", j.virtualPath, archivePath)
-		nestedPkgs, err := parseJavaArchive(nestedPath, archiveReadCloser)
+		nestedPkgs, nestedRelationships, err := parseJavaArchive(nestedPath, archiveReadCloser)
 		if err != nil {
 			if closeErr := archiveReadCloser.Close(); closeErr != nil {
 				log.Warnf("unable to close archived file from tempdir: %+v", closeErr)
 			}
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to process nested java archive (%s): %w", archivePath, err)
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to process nested java archive (%s): %w", archivePath, err)
 		}
 		if err = archiveReadCloser.Close(); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to close archived file from tempdir: %w", err)
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to close archived file from tempdir: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		// attach the parent package to all discovered packages that are not already associated with a java archive
@@ -226,9 +230,11 @@ func (j *archiveParser) discoverPkgsFromNestedArchives(parentPkg *pkg.Package) (
 			}
 			pkgs = append(pkgs, p)
 		}
+
+		relationships = append(relationships, nestedRelationships...)
 	}
 
-	return pkgs, nil
+	return pkgs, relationships, nil
 }
 
 func pomPropertiesByParentPath(archivePath string, extractPaths []string, virtualPath string) (map[string]pkg.PomProperties, error) {

syft/pkg/cataloger/java/archive_parser_test.go

@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ func TestParseJar(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("should not have filed... %+v", err)
 			}
 
-			actual, err := parser.parse()
+			actual, _, err := parser.parse()
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to parse java archive: %+v", err)
 			}
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ func TestParseNestedJar(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to open fixture: %+v", err)
 			}
 
-			actual, err := parseJavaArchive(fixture.Name(), fixture)
+			actual, _, err := parseJavaArchive(fixture.Name(), fixture)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to parse java archive: %+v", err)
 			}

syft/pkg/cataloger/javascript/parse_package_json.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure"
 
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg/cataloger/common"
 )
@@ -162,8 +163,8 @@ func licensesFromJSON(p PackageJSON) ([]string, error) {
 }
 
 // parsePackageJSON parses a package.json and returns the discovered JavaScript packages.
-func parsePackageJSON(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
-	packages := make([]pkg.Package, 0)
+func parsePackageJSON(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
+	var packages []pkg.Package
 	dec := json.NewDecoder(reader)
 
 	for {
@@ -171,17 +172,17 @@ func parsePackageJSON(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
 		if err := dec.Decode(&p); err == io.EOF {
 			break
 		} else if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse package.json file: %w", err)
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse package.json file: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		if !p.hasNameAndVersionValues() {
 			log.Debug("encountered package.json file without a name and/or version field, ignoring this file")
-			return nil, nil
+			return nil, nil, nil
 		}
 
 		licenses, err := licensesFromJSON(p)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse package.json file: %w", err)
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse package.json file: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		packages = append(packages, pkg.Package{
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ func parsePackageJSON(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
 		})
 	}
 
-	return packages, nil
+	return packages, nil, nil
 }
 
 func (p PackageJSON) hasNameAndVersionValues() bool {

syft/pkg/cataloger/javascript/parse_package_json_test.go

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ func TestParsePackageJSON(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to open fixture: %+v", err)
 			}
 
-			actual, err := parsePackageJSON("", fixture)
+			actual, _, err := parsePackageJSON("", fixture)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to parse package-lock.json: %+v", err)
 			}
@@ -150,7 +150,8 @@ func TestParsePackageJSON_Partial(t *testing.T) { // see https://github.com/anch
 		t.Fatalf("failed to open fixture: %+v", err)
 	}
 
-	actual, err := parsePackageJSON("", fixture)
+	// TODO: no relationships are under test yet
+	actual, _, err := parsePackageJSON("", fixture)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to parse package-lock.json: %+v", err)
 	}

syft/pkg/cataloger/javascript/parse_package_lock.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg/cataloger/common"
 )
@@ -28,11 +29,11 @@ type Dependency struct {
 }
 
 // parsePackageLock parses a package-lock.json and returns the discovered JavaScript packages.
-func parsePackageLock(path string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
+func parsePackageLock(path string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
 	// in the case we find package-lock.json files in the node_modules directories, skip those
 	// as the whole purpose of the lock file is for the specific dependencies of the root project
 	if pathContainsNodeModulesDirectory(path) {
-		return nil, nil
+		return nil, nil, nil
 	}
 
 	var packages []pkg.Package
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ func parsePackageLock(path string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
 		if err := dec.Decode(&lock); err == io.EOF {
 			break
 		} else if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse package-lock.json file: %w", err)
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse package-lock.json file: %w", err)
 		}
 		for name, pkgMeta := range lock.Dependencies {
 			packages = append(packages, pkg.Package{
@@ -55,5 +56,5 @@ func parsePackageLock(path string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return packages, nil
+	return packages, nil, nil
 }

syft/pkg/cataloger/javascript/parse_package_lock_test.go

@@ -109,7 +109,8 @@ func TestParsePackageLock(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to open fixture: %+v", err)
 	}
 
-	actual, err := parsePackageLock(fixture.Name(), fixture)
+	// TODO: no relationships are under test yet
+	actual, _, err := parsePackageLock(fixture.Name(), fixture)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to parse package-lock.json: %+v", err)
 	}

syft/pkg/cataloger/javascript/parse_yarn_lock.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"regexp"
 
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/internal"
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg/cataloger/common"
 )
@@ -34,11 +35,11 @@ const (
 	noVersion = ""
 )
 
-func parseYarnLock(path string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
+func parseYarnLock(path string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
 	// in the case we find yarn.lock files in the node_modules directories, skip those
 	// as the whole purpose of the lock file is for the specific dependencies of the project
 	if pathContainsNodeModulesDirectory(path) {
-		return nil, nil
+		return nil, nil, nil
 	}
 
 	var packages []pkg.Package
@@ -79,10 +80,10 @@ func parseYarnLock(path string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
 	}
 
 	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse yarn.lock file: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse yarn.lock file: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return packages, nil
+	return packages, nil, nil
 }
 
 func findPackageName(line string) string {

syft/pkg/cataloger/javascript/parse_yarn_lock_test.go

@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@ func TestParseYarnLock(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to open fixture: %+v", err)
 	}
 
-	actual, err := parseYarnLock(fixture.Name(), fixture)
+	// TODO: no relationships are under test yet
+	actual, _, err := parseYarnLock(fixture.Name(), fixture)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to parse yarn.lock: %+v", err)
 	}

syft/pkg/cataloger/php/parse_composer_lock.go

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
+
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg/cataloger/common"
 )
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ type Dependency struct {
 var _ common.ParserFn = parseComposerLock
 
 // parseComposerLock is a parser function for Composer.lock contents, returning "Default" php packages discovered.
-func parseComposerLock(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
+func parseComposerLock(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
 	packages := make([]pkg.Package, 0)
 	dec := json.NewDecoder(reader)
 
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ func parseComposerLock(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
 		if err := dec.Decode(&lock); err == io.EOF {
 			break
 		} else if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse composer.lock file: %w", err)
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse composer.lock file: %w", err)
 		}
 		for _, pkgMeta := range lock.Packages {
 			version := pkgMeta.Version
@@ -46,5 +48,5 @@ func parseComposerLock(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return packages, nil
+	return packages, nil, nil
 }

syft/pkg/cataloger/php/parse_composer_lock_test.go

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ func TestParseComposerFileLock(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to open fixture: %+v", err)
 	}
 
-	actual, err := parseComposerLock(fixture.Name(), fixture)
+	// TODO: no relationships are under test yet
+	actual, _, err := parseComposerLock(fixture.Name(), fixture)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to parse requirements: %+v", err)
 	}

syft/pkg/cataloger/python/package_cataloger.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/internal"
 
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/source"
@@ -31,13 +32,13 @@ func (c *PackageCataloger) Name() string {
 }
 
 // Catalog is given an object to resolve file references and content, this function returns any discovered Packages after analyzing python egg and wheel installations.
-func (c *PackageCataloger) Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
+func (c *PackageCataloger) Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
 	var fileMatches []source.Location
 
 	for _, glob := range []string{eggMetadataGlob, wheelMetadataGlob, eggFileMetadataGlob} {
 		matches, err := resolver.FilesByGlob(glob)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to find files by glob: %s", glob)
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to find files by glob: %s", glob)
 		}
 		fileMatches = append(fileMatches, matches...)
 	}
@@ -46,13 +47,13 @@ func (c *PackageCataloger) Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver) ([]pkg.Package,
 	for _, location := range fileMatches {
 		p, err := c.catalogEggOrWheel(resolver, location)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to catalog python package=%+v: %w", location.RealPath, err)
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to catalog python package=%+v: %w", location.RealPath, err)
 		}
 		if p != nil {
 			pkgs = append(pkgs, *p)
 		}
 	}
-	return pkgs, nil
+	return pkgs, nil, nil
 }
 
 // catalogEggOrWheel takes the primary metadata file reference and returns the python package it represents.

syft/pkg/cataloger/python/package_cataloger_test.go

@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func TestPythonPackageWheelCataloger(t *testing.T) {
 
 			test.expectedPackage.Locations = locations
 
-			actual, err := NewPythonPackageCataloger().Catalog(resolver)
+			actual, _, err := NewPythonPackageCataloger().Catalog(resolver)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to catalog python package: %+v", err)
 			}
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ func TestIgnorePackage(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(test.MetadataFixture, func(t *testing.T) {
 			resolver := source.NewMockResolverForPaths(test.MetadataFixture)
 
-			actual, err := NewPythonPackageCataloger().Catalog(resolver)
+			actual, _, err := NewPythonPackageCataloger().Catalog(resolver)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to catalog python package: %+v", err)
 			}

syft/pkg/cataloger/python/parse_pipfile_lock.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg/cataloger/common"
 )
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ type Dependency struct {
 var _ common.ParserFn = parsePipfileLock
 
 // parsePipfileLock is a parser function for Pipfile.lock contents, returning "Default" python packages discovered.
-func parsePipfileLock(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
+func parsePipfileLock(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
 	packages := make([]pkg.Package, 0)
 	dec := json.NewDecoder(reader)
 
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ func parsePipfileLock(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
 		if err := dec.Decode(&lock); err == io.EOF {
 			break
 		} else if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse Pipfile.lock file: %w", err)
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse Pipfile.lock file: %w", err)
 		}
 		for name, pkgMeta := range lock.Default {
 			version := strings.TrimPrefix(pkgMeta.Version, "==")
@@ -59,5 +60,5 @@ func parsePipfileLock(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return packages, nil
+	return packages, nil, nil
 }

syft/pkg/cataloger/python/parse_pipfile_lock_test.go

@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ func TestParsePipFileLock(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to open fixture: %+v", err)
 	}
 
-	actual, err := parsePipfileLock(fixture.Name(), fixture)
+	// TODO: no relationships are under test yet
+	actual, _, err := parsePipfileLock(fixture.Name(), fixture)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to parse requirements: %+v", err)
 	}

syft/pkg/cataloger/python/parse_poetry_lock.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg/cataloger/common"
 	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml"
@@ -13,17 +14,17 @@ import (
 var _ common.ParserFn = parsePoetryLock
 
 // parsePoetryLock is a parser function for poetry.lock contents, returning all python packages discovered.
-func parsePoetryLock(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
+func parsePoetryLock(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
 	tree, err := toml.LoadReader(reader)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to load poetry.lock for parsing: %v", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to load poetry.lock for parsing: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	metadata := PoetryMetadata{}
 	err = tree.Unmarshal(&metadata)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to parse poetry.lock: %v", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to parse poetry.lock: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	return metadata.Pkgs(), nil
+	return metadata.Pkgs(), nil, nil
 }

syft/pkg/cataloger/python/parse_poetry_lock_test.go

@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ func TestParsePoetryLock(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to open fixture: %+v", err)
 	}
 
-	actual, err := parsePoetryLock(fixture.Name(), fixture)
+	// TODO: no relationships are under test yet
+	actual, _, err := parsePoetryLock(fixture.Name(), fixture)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Error(err)
 	}

syft/pkg/cataloger/python/parse_requirements.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg/cataloger/common"
 )
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ var _ common.ParserFn = parseRequirementsTxt
 
 // parseRequirementsTxt takes a Python requirements.txt file, returning all Python packages that are locked to a
 // specific version.
-func parseRequirementsTxt(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
+func parseRequirementsTxt(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
 	packages := make([]pkg.Package, 0)
 
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(reader)
@@ -55,10 +56,10 @@ func parseRequirementsTxt(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
 	}
 
 	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse python requirements file: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse python requirements file: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return packages, nil
+	return packages, nil, nil
 }
 
 // removeTrailingComment takes a requirements.txt line and strips off comment strings.

syft/pkg/cataloger/python/parse_requirements_test.go

@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ func TestParseRequirementsTxt(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to open fixture: %+v", err)
 	}
 
-	actual, err := parseRequirementsTxt(fixture.Name(), fixture)
+	// TODO: no relationships are under test yet
+	actual, _, err := parseRequirementsTxt(fixture.Name(), fixture)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to parse requirements: %+v", err)
 	}

syft/pkg/cataloger/python/parse_setup.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg/cataloger/common"
 )
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ var _ common.ParserFn = parseSetup
 //		" mypy2 == v0.770", ' mypy3== v0.770',  --> match(name=mypy2 version=v0.770), match(name=mypy3, version=v0.770)
 var pinnedDependency = regexp.MustCompile(`['"]\W?(\w+\W?==\W?[\w\.]*)`)
 
-func parseSetup(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
+func parseSetup(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
 	packages := make([]pkg.Package, 0)
 
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(reader)
@@ -46,5 +47,5 @@ func parseSetup(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return packages, nil
+	return packages, nil, nil
 }

syft/pkg/cataloger/python/parse_setup_test.go

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func TestParseSetup(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to open fixture: %+v", err)
 	}
 
-	actual, err := parseSetup(fixture.Name(), fixture)
+	actual, _, err := parseSetup(fixture.Name(), fixture)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to parse requirements: %+v", err)
 	}

syft/pkg/cataloger/rpmdb/cataloger.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/internal"
 
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/source"
 )
@@ -27,24 +28,26 @@ func (c *Cataloger) Name() string {
 }
 
 // Catalog is given an object to resolve file references and content, this function returns any discovered Packages after analyzing rpm db installation.
-func (c *Cataloger) Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
+func (c *Cataloger) Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
 	fileMatches, err := resolver.FilesByGlob(pkg.RpmDBGlob)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to find rpmdb's by glob: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to find rpmdb's by glob: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	var pkgs []pkg.Package
 	for _, location := range fileMatches {
 		dbContentReader, err := resolver.FileContentsByLocation(location)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, nil, err
 		}
 
-		pkgs, err = parseRpmDB(resolver, location, dbContentReader)
+		discoveredPkgs, err := parseRpmDB(resolver, location, dbContentReader)
 		internal.CloseAndLogError(dbContentReader, location.VirtualPath)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to catalog rpmdb package=%+v: %w", location.RealPath, err)
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to catalog rpmdb package=%+v: %w", location.RealPath, err)
 		}
+
+		pkgs = append(pkgs, discoveredPkgs...)
 	}
-	return pkgs, nil
+	return pkgs, nil, nil
 }

syft/pkg/cataloger/ruby/parse_gemfile_lock.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/internal"
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg/cataloger/common"
 )
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ var _ common.ParserFn = parseGemFileLockEntries
 var sectionsOfInterest = internal.NewStringSetFromSlice([]string{"GEM"})
 
 // parseGemFileLockEntries is a parser function for Gemfile.lock contents, returning all Gems discovered.
-func parseGemFileLockEntries(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
+func parseGemFileLockEntries(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
 	pkgs := make([]pkg.Package, 0)
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(reader)
 
@@ -49,9 +50,9 @@ func parseGemFileLockEntries(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error)
 		}
 	}
 	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, nil, err
 	}
-	return pkgs, nil
+	return pkgs, nil, nil
 }
 
 func isDependencyLine(line string) bool {

syft/pkg/cataloger/ruby/parse_gemfile_lock_test.go

@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ func TestParseGemfileLockEntries(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to open fixture: %+v", err)
 	}
 
-	actual, err := parseGemFileLockEntries(fixture.Name(), fixture)
+	// TODO: no relationships are under test yet
+	actual, _, err := parseGemFileLockEntries(fixture.Name(), fixture)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to parse gemfile lock: %+v", err)
 	}

syft/pkg/cataloger/ruby/parse_gemspec.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure"
 
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg/cataloger/common"
 )
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ func processList(s string) []string {
 	return results
 }
 
-func parseGemSpecEntries(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
+func parseGemSpecEntries(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
 	var pkgs []pkg.Package
 	var fields = make(map[string]interface{})
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(reader)
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ func parseGemSpecEntries(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
 	if fields["name"] != "" && fields["version"] != "" {
 		var metadata pkg.GemMetadata
 		if err := mapstructure.Decode(fields, &metadata); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to decode gem metadata: %w", err)
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to decode gem metadata: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		pkgs = append(pkgs, pkg.Package{
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ func parseGemSpecEntries(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
 		})
 	}
 
-	return pkgs, nil
+	return pkgs, nil, nil
 }
 
 // renderUtf8 takes any string escaped string sub-sections from the ruby string and replaces those sections with the UTF8 runes.

syft/pkg/cataloger/ruby/parse_gemspec_test.go

@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ func TestParseGemspec(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to open fixture: %+v", err)
 	}
 
-	actual, err := parseGemSpecEntries(fixture.Name(), fixture)
+	// TODO: no relationships are under test yet
+	actual, _, err := parseGemSpecEntries(fixture.Name(), fixture)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to parse gemspec: %+v", err)
 	}

syft/pkg/cataloger/rust/parse_cargo_lock.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/artifact"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/pkg/cataloger/common"
 	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml"
@@ -13,17 +14,17 @@ import (
 var _ common.ParserFn = parseCargoLock
 
 // parseCargoLock is a parser function for Cargo.lock contents, returning all rust cargo crates discovered.
-func parseCargoLock(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
+func parseCargoLock(_ string, reader io.Reader) ([]pkg.Package, []artifact.Relationship, error) {
 	tree, err := toml.LoadReader(reader)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to load Cargo.lock for parsing: %v", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to load Cargo.lock for parsing: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	metadata := CargoMetadata{}
 	err = tree.Unmarshal(&metadata)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to parse Cargo.lock: %v", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to parse Cargo.lock: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	return metadata.Pkgs(), nil
+	return metadata.Pkgs(), nil, nil
 }

syft/pkg/cataloger/rust/parse_cargo_lock_test.go

@@ -177,7 +177,8 @@ func TestParseCargoLock(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to open fixture: %+v", err)
 	}
 
-	actual, err := parseCargoLock(fixture.Name(), fixture)
+	// TODO: no relationships are under test yet
+	actual, _, err := parseCargoLock(fixture.Name(), fixture)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Error(err)
 	}