fix: merging of binary packages (#1583)

internal/constants.go

@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ const (
 
 	// JSONSchemaVersion is the current schema version output by the JSON encoder
 	// This is roughly following the "SchemaVer" guidelines for versioning the JSON schema. Please see schema/json/README.md for details on how to increment.
-	JSONSchemaVersion = "6.2.0"
+	JSONSchemaVersion = "7.0.0"
 )

syft/formats/syftjson/encoder_test.go

@@ -213,5 +213,6 @@ func TestEncodeFullJSONDocument(t *testing.T) {
 		s,
 		*updateJson,
 		true,
+		schemaVersionRedactor,
 	)
 }

syft/formats/syftjson/format.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package syftjson
 
 import (
+	"github.com/anchore/syft/internal"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/sbom"
 )
 
@@ -8,7 +9,7 @@ const ID sbom.FormatID = "syft-json"
 
 func Format() sbom.Format {
 	return sbom.NewFormat(
-		"6",
+		internal.JSONSchemaVersion,
 		encoder,
 		decoder,
 		validator,

syft/formats/syftjson/to_format_model_test.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package syftjson
 
 import (
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/scylladb/go-set/strset"
@@ -9,16 +8,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/anchore/stereoscope/pkg/file"
-	"github.com/anchore/syft/internal"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/formats/syftjson/model"
 	"github.com/anchore/syft/syft/source"
 )
 
-func Test_SyftJsonID_Compatibility(t *testing.T) {
-	jsonMajorVersion := strings.Split(internal.JSONSchemaVersion, ".")[0]
-	assert.Equal(t, jsonMajorVersion, string(Format().Version()))
-}
-
 func Test_toSourceModel(t *testing.T) {
 	allSchemes := strset.New()
 	for _, s := range source.AllSchemes {

syft/pkg/binary_metadata.go

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 package pkg
 
+import "github.com/anchore/syft/syft/source"
+
 type BinaryMetadata struct {
-	Classifier  string `mapstructure:"Classifier" json:"classifier"`
-	RealPath    string `mapstructure:"RealPath" json:"realPath"`
-	VirtualPath string `mapstructure:"VirtualPath" json:"virtualPath"`
+	Matches []ClassifierMatch `mapstructure:"Matches" json:"matches"`
+}
+
+type ClassifierMatch struct {
+	Classifier string          `mapstructure:"Classifier" json:"classifier"`
+	Location   source.Location `mapstructure:"Location" json:"location"`
 }

syft/pkg/cataloger/binary/cataloger.go

@@ -33,19 +33,42 @@ func (c Cataloger) Catalog(resolver source.FileResolver) ([]pkg.Package, []artif
 
 	for _, cls := range defaultClassifiers {
 		log.WithFields("classifier", cls.Class).Trace("cataloging binaries")
-		pkgs, err := catalog(resolver, cls)
+		newPkgs, err := catalog(resolver, cls)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.WithFields("error", err, "classifier", cls.Class).Warn("unable to catalog binary package: %w", err)
 			continue
 		}
-		packages = append(packages, pkgs...)
+	newPackages:
+		for i := range newPkgs {
+			newPkg := &newPkgs[i]
+			for j := range packages {
+				p := &packages[j]
+				// consolidate identical packages found in different locations or by different classifiers
+				if packagesMatch(p, newPkg) {
+					mergePackages(p, newPkg)
+					continue newPackages
+				}
+			}
+			packages = append(packages, *newPkg)
+		}
 	}
 
 	return packages, relationships, nil
 }
 
-func catalog(resolver source.FileResolver, cls classifier) ([]pkg.Package, error) {
-	var pkgs []pkg.Package
+// mergePackages merges information from the extra package into the target package
+func mergePackages(target *pkg.Package, extra *pkg.Package) {
+	// add the locations
+	target.Locations.Add(extra.Locations.ToSlice()...)
+	// update the metadata to indicate which classifiers were used
+	meta, _ := target.Metadata.(pkg.BinaryMetadata)
+	if m, ok := extra.Metadata.(pkg.BinaryMetadata); ok {
+		meta.Matches = append(meta.Matches, m.Matches...)
+	}
+	target.Metadata = meta
+}
+
+func catalog(resolver source.FileResolver, cls classifier) (packages []pkg.Package, err error) {
 	locations, err := resolver.FilesByGlob(cls.FileGlob)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -56,26 +79,13 @@ func catalog(resolver source.FileResolver, cls classifier) ([]pkg.Package, error
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		locationReader := source.NewLocationReadCloser(location, reader)
-		newPkgs, err := cls.EvidenceMatcher(cls, locationReader)
+		pkgs, err := cls.EvidenceMatcher(cls, locationReader)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-	newPackages:
-		for i := range newPkgs {
-			newPkg := &newPkgs[i]
-			for j := range pkgs {
-				p := &pkgs[j]
-				// consolidate identical packages found in different locations,
-				// but continue to track each location
-				if packagesMatch(p, newPkg) {
-					p.Locations.Add(newPkg.Locations.ToSlice()...)
-					continue newPackages
-				}
-			}
-			pkgs = append(pkgs, *newPkg)
-		}
+		packages = append(packages, pkgs...)
 	}
-	return pkgs, nil
+	return packages, nil
 }
 
 // packagesMatch returns true if the binary packages "match" based on basic criteria

syft/pkg/cataloger/binary/cataloger_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package binary
 
 import (
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -27,10 +28,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "15beta4",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/postgresql@15beta4",
-				Locations: singleLocation("postgres"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "postgresql-binary",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("postgres"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("postgresql-binary"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -41,10 +40,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "15.1",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/postgresql@15.1",
-				Locations: singleLocation("postgres"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "postgresql-binary",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("postgres"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("postgresql-binary"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -55,10 +52,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "9.6.24",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/postgresql@9.6.24",
-				Locations: singleLocation("postgres"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "postgresql-binary",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("postgres"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("postgresql-binary"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -69,9 +64,26 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "9.5alpha1",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/postgresql@9.5alpha1",
-				Locations: singleLocation("postgres"),
+				Locations: locations("postgres"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("postgresql-binary"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "positive-python-duplicates",
+			fixtureDir: "test-fixtures/classifiers/positive/python-duplicates",
+			expected: pkg.Package{
+				Name:      "python",
+				Version:   "3.8.16",
+				Type:      "binary",
+				PURL:      "pkg:generic/python@3.8.16",
+				Locations: locations("dir/python3.8", "python3.8", "libpython3.8.so", "patchlevel.h"),
 				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "postgresql-binary",
+					Matches: []pkg.ClassifierMatch{
+						match("python-binary", "dir/python3.8"),
+						match("python-binary", "python3.8"),
+						match("python-binary-lib", "libpython3.8.so"),
+						match("cpython-source", "patchlevel.h"),
+					},
 				},
 			},
 		},
@@ -83,10 +95,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "2.9.6",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/traefik@2.9.6",
-				Locations: singleLocation("traefik"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "traefik-binary",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("traefik"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("traefik-binary"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -97,10 +107,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "1.7.34",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/traefik@1.7.34",
-				Locations: singleLocation("traefik"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "traefik-binary",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("traefik"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("traefik-binary"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -111,10 +119,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "1.6.18",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/memcached@1.6.18",
-				Locations: singleLocation("memcached"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "memcached-binary",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("memcached"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("memcached-binary"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -125,10 +131,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "2.4.54",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/httpd@2.4.54",
-				Locations: singleLocation("httpd"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "httpd-binary",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("httpd"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("httpd-binary"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -139,10 +143,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "8.2.1",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/php-cli@8.2.1",
-				Locations: singleLocation("php"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "php-cli-binary",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("php"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("php-cli-binary"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -153,10 +155,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "8.2.1",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/php-fpm@8.2.1",
-				Locations: singleLocation("php-fpm"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "php-fpm-binary",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("php-fpm"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("php-fpm-binary"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -167,10 +167,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "8.2.1",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/php@8.2.1",
-				Locations: singleLocation("libphp.so"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "php-apache-binary",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("libphp.so"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("php-apache-binary"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -223,10 +221,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "2.8.23",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/redis@2.8.23",
-				Locations: singleLocation("redis-server"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "redis-binary",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("redis-server"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("redis-binary"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -237,10 +233,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "4.0.11",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/redis@4.0.11",
-				Locations: singleLocation("redis-server"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "redis-binary",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("redis-server"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("redis-binary"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -251,10 +245,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "5.0.0",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/redis@5.0.0",
-				Locations: singleLocation("redis-server"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "redis-binary",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("redis-server"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("redis-binary"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -265,10 +257,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "6.0.16",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/redis@6.0.16",
-				Locations: singleLocation("redis-server"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "redis-binary",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("redis-server"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("redis-binary"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -279,101 +269,84 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "7.0.0",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/redis@7.0.0",
-				Locations: singleLocation("redis-server"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "redis-binary",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("redis-server"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("redis-binary"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name:       "positive-libpython3.7.so",
-			fixtureDir: "test-fixtures/classifiers/positive",
+			fixtureDir: "test-fixtures/classifiers/positive/python-binary-lib-3.7",
 			expected: pkg.Package{
 				Name:      "python",
 				Version:   "3.7.4a-vZ9",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/python@3.7.4a-vZ9",
-				Locations: singleLocation("libpython3.7.so"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "python-binary-lib",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("libpython3.7.so"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("python-binary-lib"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name:       "positive-python3.6",
-			fixtureDir: "test-fixtures/classifiers/positive",
+			fixtureDir: "test-fixtures/classifiers/positive/python-binary-3.6",
 			expected: pkg.Package{
 				Name:      "python",
 				Version:   "3.6.3a-vZ9",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/python@3.6.3a-vZ9",
-				Locations: singleLocation("python3.6"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "python-binary",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("python3.6"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("python-binary"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name:       "positive-patchlevel.h",
-			fixtureDir: "test-fixtures/classifiers/positive",
+			fixtureDir: "test-fixtures/classifiers/positive/python-source-3.9",
 			expected: pkg.Package{
 				Name:      "python",
 				Version:   "3.9-aZ5",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/python@3.9-aZ5",
-				Locations: singleLocation("patchlevel.h"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "cpython-source",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("patchlevel.h"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("cpython-source"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name:       "positive-go",
-			fixtureDir: "test-fixtures/classifiers/positive",
+			fixtureDir: "test-fixtures/classifiers/positive/go-1.14",
 			expected: pkg.Package{
 				Name:      "go",
 				Version:   "1.14",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/go@1.14",
-				Locations: singleLocation("go"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "go-binary",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("go"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("go-binary"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name:       "positive-node",
-			fixtureDir: "test-fixtures/classifiers/positive",
+			fixtureDir: "test-fixtures/classifiers/positive/node-19.2.1",
 			expected: pkg.Package{
 				Name:      "node",
 				Version:   "19.2.1",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/node@19.2.1",
-				Locations: singleLocation("node"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "nodejs-binary",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("node"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("nodejs-binary"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name:       "positive-go-hint",
-			fixtureDir: "test-fixtures/classifiers/positive",
+			fixtureDir: "test-fixtures/classifiers/positive/go-hint-1.15",
 			expected: pkg.Package{
 				Name:      "go",
 				Version:   "1.15",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/go@1.15",
-				Locations: singleLocation("VERSION"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier: "go-binary-hint",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("VERSION"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("go-binary-hint"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name:       "positive-busybox",
-			fixtureDir: "test-fixtures/classifiers/positive",
+			fixtureDir: "test-fixtures/classifiers/positive/busybox-3.33.3",
 			expected: pkg.Package{
 				Name:      "busybox",
 				Version:   "3.33.3",
-				Locations: singleLocation("["), // note: busybox is a link to [
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier:  "busybox-binary",
-					VirtualPath: "busybox",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("["), // note: busybox is a link to [
+				Metadata:  metadata("busybox-binary", "[", "busybox"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -384,11 +357,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "1.8.0_352-b08",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/java@1.8.0_352-b08",
-				Locations: singleLocation("java"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier:  "java-binary-openjdk",
-					VirtualPath: "java",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("java"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("java-binary-openjdk", "java"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -399,11 +369,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "11.0.17+8-LTS",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/java@11.0.17+8-LTS",
-				Locations: singleLocation("java"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier:  "java-binary-openjdk",
-					VirtualPath: "java",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("java"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("java-binary-openjdk", "java"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -414,11 +381,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "19.0.1+10-21",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/java@19.0.1+10-21",
-				Locations: singleLocation("java"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier:  "java-binary-oracle",
-					VirtualPath: "java",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("java"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("java-binary-oracle", "java"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -429,11 +393,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "19.0.1+10-21",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/java@19.0.1+10-21",
-				Locations: singleLocation("java"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier:  "java-binary-oracle",
-					VirtualPath: "java",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("java"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("java-binary-oracle", "java"),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -444,11 +405,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 				Version:   "1.8.0-foreman_2022_09_22_15_30-b00",
 				Type:      "binary",
 				PURL:      "pkg:generic/java@1.8.0-foreman_2022_09_22_15_30-b00",
-				Locations: singleLocation("java"),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier:  "java-binary-ibm",
-					VirtualPath: "java",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("java"),
+				Metadata:  metadata("java-binary-ibm", "java"),
 			},
 		},
 	}
@@ -466,18 +424,20 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases(t *testing.T) {
 			packages, _, err := c.Catalog(resolver)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			ok := false
 			for _, p := range packages {
-				if test.expected.Locations.ToSlice()[0].RealPath == p.Locations.ToSlice()[0].RealPath {
-					ok = true
-					assertPackagesAreEqual(t, test.expected, p)
+				expectedLocations := test.expected.Locations.ToSlice()
+				gotLocations := p.Locations.ToSlice()
+				require.Len(t, gotLocations, len(expectedLocations))
+
+				for i, expectedLocation := range expectedLocations {
+					gotLocation := gotLocations[i]
+					if expectedLocation.RealPath != gotLocation.RealPath {
+						t.Fatalf("locations do not match; expected: %v got: %v", expectedLocations, gotLocations)
+					}
 				}
-			}
 
-			if !ok {
-				t.Fatalf("could not find test location=%q", test.expected.Locations.ToSlice()[0].RealPath)
+				assertPackagesAreEqual(t, test.expected, p)
 			}
-
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -494,11 +454,8 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases_Image(t *testing.T) {
 			expected: pkg.Package{
 				Name:      "busybox",
 				Version:   "1.35.0",
-				Locations: singleLocation("/bin/["),
-				Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-					Classifier:  "busybox-binary",
-					VirtualPath: "/bin/busybox",
-				},
+				Locations: locations("/bin/["),
+				Metadata:  metadata("busybox-binary", "/bin/[", "/bin/busybox"),
 			},
 		},
 	}
@@ -517,18 +474,20 @@ func Test_Cataloger_DefaultClassifiers_PositiveCases_Image(t *testing.T) {
 			packages, _, err := c.Catalog(resolver)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			ok := false
 			for _, p := range packages {
-				if test.expected.Locations.ToSlice()[0].RealPath == p.Locations.ToSlice()[0].RealPath {
-					ok = true
-					assertPackagesAreEqual(t, test.expected, p)
+				expectedLocations := test.expected.Locations.ToSlice()
+				gotLocations := p.Locations.ToSlice()
+				require.Len(t, gotLocations, len(expectedLocations))
+
+				for i, expectedLocation := range expectedLocations {
+					gotLocation := gotLocations[i]
+					if expectedLocation.RealPath != gotLocation.RealPath {
+						t.Fatalf("locations do not match; expected: %v got: %v", expectedLocations, gotLocations)
+					}
 				}
-			}
 
-			if !ok {
-				t.Fatalf("could not find test location=%q", test.expected.Locations.ToSlice()[0].RealPath)
+				assertPackagesAreEqual(t, test.expected, p)
 			}
-
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -547,21 +506,80 @@ func TestClassifierCataloger_DefaultClassifiers_NegativeCases(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, len(actualResults))
 }
 
-func singleLocation(s string) source.LocationSet {
-	return source.NewLocationSet(source.NewLocation(s))
+func locations(locations ...string) source.LocationSet {
+	var locs []source.Location
+	for _, s := range locations {
+		locs = append(locs, source.NewLocation(s))
+	}
+	return source.NewLocationSet(locs...)
+}
+
+// metadata paths are: realPath, virtualPath
+func metadata(classifier string, paths ...string) pkg.BinaryMetadata {
+	return pkg.BinaryMetadata{
+		Matches: []pkg.ClassifierMatch{
+			match(classifier, paths...),
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// match paths are: realPath, virtualPath
+func match(classifier string, paths ...string) pkg.ClassifierMatch {
+	realPath := ""
+	if len(paths) > 0 {
+		realPath = paths[0]
+	}
+	virtualPath := ""
+	if len(paths) > 1 {
+		virtualPath = paths[1]
+	}
+	return pkg.ClassifierMatch{
+		Classifier: classifier,
+		Location: source.Location{
+			Coordinates: source.Coordinates{
+				RealPath: realPath,
+			},
+			VirtualPath: virtualPath,
+		},
+	}
 }
 
 func assertPackagesAreEqual(t *testing.T, expected pkg.Package, p pkg.Package) {
-	meta1 := expected.Metadata.(pkg.BinaryMetadata)
-	meta2 := p.Metadata.(pkg.BinaryMetadata)
+	m1 := expected.Metadata.(pkg.BinaryMetadata).Matches
+	m2 := p.Metadata.(pkg.BinaryMetadata).Matches
+	matches := true
+	if len(m1) == len(m2) {
+		for i, m1 := range m1 {
+			m2 := m2[i]
+			if m1.Classifier != m2.Classifier {
+				matches = false
+				break
+			}
+			if m1.Location.RealPath != "" && m1.Location.RealPath != m2.Location.RealPath {
+				matches = false
+				break
+			}
+			if m1.Location.VirtualPath != "" && m1.Location.VirtualPath != m2.Location.VirtualPath {
+				matches = false
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		matches = false
+	}
 	if expected.Name != p.Name ||
 		expected.Version != p.Version ||
 		expected.PURL != p.PURL ||
-		meta1.Classifier != meta2.Classifier {
-		assert.Failf(t, "packages not equal", "%v != %v", expected, p)
+		!matches {
+		assert.Failf(t, "packages not equal", "%v != %v", stringifyPkg(expected), stringifyPkg(p))
 	}
 }
 
+func stringifyPkg(p pkg.Package) string {
+	matches := p.Metadata.(pkg.BinaryMetadata).Matches
+	return fmt.Sprintf("(name=%s, version=%s, purl=%s, matches=%+v)", p.Name, p.Version, p.PURL, matches)
+}
+
 type panicyResolver struct {
 	searchCalled bool
 }
@@ -586,7 +604,7 @@ func (p *panicyResolver) FileContentsByLocation(_ source.Location) (io.ReadClose
 	return nil, errors.New("not implemented")
 }
 
-func (p *panicyResolver) HasPath(s string) bool {
+func (p *panicyResolver) HasPath(_ string) bool {
 	return true
 }
 

syft/pkg/cataloger/binary/classifier.go

@@ -131,9 +131,12 @@ func singlePackage(classifier classifier, reader source.LocationReadCloser, matc
 		FoundBy:      catalogerName,
 		MetadataType: pkg.BinaryMetadataType,
 		Metadata: pkg.BinaryMetadata{
-			Classifier:  classifier.Class,
-			RealPath:    reader.RealPath,
-			VirtualPath: reader.VirtualPath,
+			Matches: []pkg.ClassifierMatch{
+				{
+					Classifier: classifier.Class,
+					Location:   reader.Location,
+				},
+			},
 		},
 	}
 

syft/pkg/cataloger/binary/test-fixtures/classifiers/positive/.gitignore

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-!libpython3.7.so
-!libphp.so
+!*.so
+!VERSION

syft/pkg/cataloger/binary/test-fixtures/classifiers/positive/python-duplicates/dir/python3.8

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+3.8.16

syft/pkg/cataloger/binary/test-fixtures/classifiers/positive/python-duplicates/libpython3.8.so

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+3.8.16

syft/pkg/cataloger/binary/test-fixtures/classifiers/positive/python-duplicates/patchlevel.h

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#define PY_VERSION 3.8.16

syft/pkg/cataloger/binary/test-fixtures/classifiers/positive/python-duplicates/python3.8

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+3.8.16

syft/source/location.go

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ type Location struct {
 	Coordinates `cyclonedx:""` // Empty string here means there is no intermediate property name, e.g. syft:locations:0:path without "coordinates"
 	// note: it is IMPORTANT to ignore anything but the coordinates for a Location when considering the ID (hash value)
 	// since the coordinates are the minimally correct ID for a location (symlinks should not come into play)
-	VirtualPath string         `hash:"ignore"` // The path to the file which may or may not have hardlinks / symlinks
-	ref         file.Reference `hash:"ignore"` // The file reference relative to the stereoscope.FileCatalog that has more information about this location.
+	VirtualPath string         `hash:"ignore" json:"virtualPath,omitempty"` // The path to the file which may or may not have hardlinks / symlinks
+	ref         file.Reference `hash:"ignore"`                              // The file reference relative to the stereoscope.FileCatalog that has more information about this location.
 }
 
 // NewLocation creates a new Location representing a path without denoting a filesystem or FileCatalog reference.